Location intelligence
Using the location dimension of business or planning data to make decisions: where to put something, who it reaches, and what is nearby.
Location intelligence is the practice of using the location in your data to make a decision. It overlaps heavily with spatial analysis, and the difference is one of framing rather than method: spatial analysis names the techniques, location intelligence names the use of them in a decision.
The typical questions are concrete. Where should the next branch, charging point or childcare centre go. Which catchment does an existing site actually serve, as opposed to the one drawn on the plan. Which areas are underserved. How much of the population a network reaches, and which part of the population it misses.
The term is more common in commercial contexts and spatial analysis more common in research and planning, but they describe the same work. If a decision has a where in it, the location is data, and treating it as data usually changes the answer.